中国组织工程研究

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女性短距离速滑运动员下肢关节等速肌力特征

黄达武1,刘  露2,朱  星1,王新宝1,陈月亮3   

  1. (江西师范大学,1体育学院,2心理学院,江西省南昌市  330022;3湖北理工学院体育部,湖北省黄石市  435003)
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-07 出版日期:2018-12-28 发布日期:2018-12-28
  • 通讯作者: 陈月亮,教授,湖北理工学院体育部,湖北省黄石市 435003
  • 作者简介:黄达武,男,1981年生,湖北省潜江市人,汉族,2013年上海体育学院毕业,博士,副教授,主要从事体育教育训练学的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家体育总局科研项目(2012A022);江西省社科规划(15TY03);江西省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目

Characteristics of isokinetic muscle strength of lower limb joints in elite female short track speed skaters 

Huang Dawu1, Liu Lu2, Zhu Xing1, Wang Xinbao1, Chen Yueliang3   

  1. (1Sports College, 2School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi Province, China; 3Department of Physical Education, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, Hubei Province, China)
  • Received:2018-08-07 Online:2018-12-28 Published:2018-12-28
  • Contact: Chen Yueliang, Professor, Department of Physical Education, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, Hubei Province, China
  • About author:Huang Dawu, PhD, Associate professor, Sports College of Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the Scientific Research Project of General Administration of Sport of China, No. 2012A022; the Social Science Plan of Jiangxi Province, No. 15TY03; the Key Project of Humanity and Social Science of Universities of Shanxi Province

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:
肌力:是指肢体作随意运动时肌肉收缩的力量。检查方法是嘱患者上下肢依次作各关节伸、屈运动,并克服检查者所给的阻力,观察肌力是否正常、减退或瘫痪,并注意瘫痪部位。一般上肢作上臂的外展、内收、前臂伸屈、腕的伸屈、手指的外展、内收、握拳;下肢作屈髋、小腿伸屈,足跖及背屈等。在病情需要时,尚需对有关的每个肌肉进行分别检查。
等速肌力训练:是指利用等速仪器,根据运动过程中肌力大小的变化,由机器提供相匹配的阻力,使整个关节按照预先设定的速度进行运动的一种训练方法,又称可调节抗阻训练或恒定速度训练。等速训练也分为向心性训练和离心性训练两种不同的肌肉训练方法。
摘要
背景
:研究显示,速滑运动员国际级健将组表现出较国家健将组更合理的关节肌力特征;另一项研究还显示,力量指标与成绩高度相关,说明速滑运动员的下肢关节肌力特征与专项竞技能力密切相关。
目的:研究优秀女子短距离速滑运动员下肢关节等速肌力特征,为运动员改进训练提供参考并为进一步揭示项目特征提供数据支撑。
方法:运用德国产Isomed 2000等速测试系统对中国4名优秀女子短距离速滑运动员(分别编号为1,2,3,4,均为国际健将)下肢髋、膝、踝3个关节进行向心等速测试。正式测试前,运动员在各测试角速度下进行3次亚极限强度的适应性练习,间隔2 min后开始正式测试。在参考预试验结果的基础上将测试角速度定为低速60 (°)/s和高速180 (°)/s。低速重复5次,高速重复7次,屈伸循环进行,不同速度间隔5 min,各速度屈伸阶段均取最高值进行研究。
结果与结论:①高、低速测试间,踝关节及膝关节各数据有良好对应关系,但髋关节没有;②踝、膝关节峰力矩随速度增长下降,平均功率随速度增长而增长;③速度对踝、膝关节肌力比有影响,但对髋关节没有;速度对峰力矩角影响较小;④运动员2屈、伸肌表现均较好;运动员1左、右腿平衡性有待提高;运动员3踝关节肌力发展较好,但膝、髋关节伸肌群速度力量有待提高;运动员4膝关节肌力发展较好,但踝、髋关节伸肌群速度力量有待提高;⑤中国优秀运动员膝、踝关节屈伸肌得到全面发展,但髋关节较差;优秀运动员峰力矩更大,肌力比有专项特征,左、右腿膝关节峰力矩平衡性较好,峰力矩角稳定,且符合专项特征,优秀速滑运动员膝关节肌力具有共性特征,但应重视其髋部肌群肌力的全面发展。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0003-1767-7619(黄达武)

关键词: 速度滑冰, 等速肌力, 峰力矩, 平均功率, 峰力矩角, 组织构建

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Elite skaters at international level have been shown to hold more rational muscle strength characteristics of joints than the elite skaters at national level. Force indexes are reported to be related to grade, suggesting that the muscle strength characteristics of lower limb joints of skaters are closely related to professional competitive ability.
OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of isokinetic muscle strength of lower limb joints in elite female short track speed skaters, so as to provide references for strength training and provide data for revealing sports characteristics.
METHODS: Centripetal isokinetic testing was performed in hip, knee and ankle joints of elite female short trakck speed skaters (numbered as 1, 2, 3 and 4) at international level using Isomed 2000. All skaters underwent thrice subultimate strength adaptive staining before testing, and 2 minutes later, the isokinetic testing was conducted. The angular velocity was set as 60 (°)/s (low velocity) and 180 (°)/s (high velocity), respectively based on preliminary results. The low velocity repeated 5 times and high velocity repeated 7 times, 5 minutes in between. Flexion/extension was a cycle, and the highest values were selected for analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the high and low velocity speed, all data in ankle and knee had good corresponding relationship, but not hip. Peak torques of ankle and knee joints were on a descent with velocity increasing, and average power increased with velocity increasing. Velocity had impaction on muscle ratio in ankle and knee joints but not hip. Velocity had little impaction on peak torque angle. The flexor and extensor of No.1 skater performed well. The balance between right and left legs of No.1 skater needed to be improved. The ankle strength in No. 3 skater performed well, but the strength of knee and hip needed to be improved. The knee strength of No. 4 performed well, but the speed strength of ankle and hip extensors needed to be improved. In summary, the strength of ankle and knee flexors and extensor in Chinese elite athletes get a well development, but not hip. The elite athletes have higher peak torque, muscle strength ratio shows special features, the balance between right and left knee peak torque, and the peak torque angle is stable, which meet the special requirements. Knee muscle strength in four elite skaters reflects the common characteristics. The hip muscle strength should be improved.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

Key words: Skating, Muscle Strength, Hip Joint, Knee Joint, Ankle Joint, Tissue Engineering

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